Quiz not "affirmed", so the draft is not available

[ExistentialCrisis]

I'm going to answer my own question for the benefit of the forum.

The professor graded the quiz this morning and the draft link was up. I was able to submit my draft this morning, after the Friday deadline had passed.

The draft link will continue to be available for submission even though the deadline has passed. However, that does not mean that your draft will be reviewed. Once the deadline has passed, it is completely up to the professor whether or not they want to give you the opportunity to submit a draft. I was in a similar situation with one of my classes. I submitted my last milestone on Thursday and the professor wasn't able to grade it until Tuesday. She did leave a note saying that she would still give me a draft attempt as I had submitted my milestone in a timely manner, but that I should email it to her rather than upload it through the link, and that she would provide feedback through email. Have you received any feedback on your draft yet?